Meniscal Injuries

What is Meniscal Tears?

Meniscal tears are injuries to the menisci, which are two crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage located in the knee joint between the femur and tibia. These structures act as shock absorbers, providing cushioning and stability during movement. Meniscal tears often occur due to sudden twisting, pivoting, or impact, making them common in sports-related activities. Symptoms typically include knee pain, swelling, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion. A "popping" sensation might be felt at the time of injury. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as MRI, to determine the extent and location of the tear. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for preventing further damage and ensuring optimal recovery

What are the Major Injuries of Meniscus?

Major meniscal injuries can be categorized based on their location and severity. Medial meniscus tears, often caused by twisting or pivoting movements, affect the inner cartilage of the knee and are frequently seen in athletes. Lateral meniscus tears, also resulting from twisting or pivoting, occur in the outer cartilage and may be associated with ligament injuries. These injuries can be further classified by their severity: Grade 1 tears involve minor fraying or small tears, Grade 2 tears are partial with larger fraying patterns causing some loss of function, and Grade 3 tears are complete disruptions leading to significant instability and functional loss. Each type of meniscal injury can significantly impact knee stability and function, necessitating tailored treatment approaches based on the specific characteristics of the tear and the patient’s activity level and goals.

Management of Meniscal Tears

Management of meniscal tears depends on the type, severity, and location of the injury, as well as the patient's activity level and goals. Non-surgical treatments include the RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) to reduce pain and swelling, physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles, and bracing to stabilize the knee. If these conservative methods fail, surgical options such as meniscal repair or partial meniscectomy might be necessary. Meniscal repair aims to suture the torn edges, promoting natural healing, while partial meniscectomy involves removing the damaged portion. Post-surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is essential to regain full function and prevent future injuries, focusing on exercises to restore range of motion, strength, and proprioception. Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor recovery and adjust treatment as needed, ensuring optimal outcomes and preventing recurrence